A tactile maze test in unilateral spatial neglect: the influence of vision and recording technique

Summary Right brain-damaged patients with left spatial neglect were examined on a tactile maze task. They started to explore the right side of the maze and their search times were longer on the left side. Their performance was the same whether blindfolded or not, which contrasts with the results of other studies and probably reflects differences in task demand. The present results do not support a previous observation that visual neglect can be compensated through the tactile modality. Our patients had markedly longer search times than normal controls in the right as well as the left hemifield, and search times in both hemifields were positively correlated. The outcome of the maze test in this context may therefore depend to a large extent on impaired topo graphical processing.     

实验动物大白鼠型流行性出血热流行病学和临床症状调查

本文对59名接触实验动物大白鼠引起23例流行性出血热(EHF)的流行病学和临床症状进行了调查,发病率为38.98%。发病的有副教授、讲师、助教、研究生等。发病多在春季,年龄组在21～40岁,男多于女。经间接免疫荧光技术检查,大白鼠肺EHFV抗原阳性率为32.69%。临床分型以中型为多,其次为重型和轻型。临床症状以发热、头痛、腰痛、全身痛、食欲不振、酒醉貌为主,没有死亡病例。血清间接免疫荧光抗体IgG在1:320～1:5 120之间的占91.30%。     

超氧化物歧化酶对窒息幼兔脑组织的保护作用

将３２只新西兰种幼兔随机分为对照组、室息组、窒息＋ＳＯＤ组。各组均于实验开始后２４小时心脏取血查ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、并取脑组织测脑水分含量。窒息组与对照组比较，血清ＬＰＯ、脑水分含量明显增高、（Ｐ均＜０．０１），血中ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性明显降低（Ｐ均＜０．０１），窒息组ＬＰＯ与脑水分含量呈正相关关系。室息＋ＳＯＤ组与室息组比较，血清ＬＰＯ、脑水分含量明显减少（Ｐ均＜０．０１），ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示ＯＦＲ参与了窒息所致脑损伤的病理过程，外源性ＳＯＤ可对室息幼兔脑组织起保护作用。     

损伤控制外科技术在严重创伤急救中的应用

目的探讨损伤控制外科技术（DCS）在严重创伤急救中的应用效果。方法对2003年7月～2005年6月应用DCS救治的82例严重多发伤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果对82例严重多发伤均立即给予液体复苏、急诊手术控制出血和污染，待生命体征稳定后，再行确定性手术治疗。70例经应用DCS后，休克逐渐得到纠正，再次行确定性于术，经过顺利，情况良好。复苏期患者pH、体温、PT值与一般腹腔损伤病人相比，无显著性差异。本组70例痊愈出院，12例死于脑疝或多器官衰竭。结论对严重创伤病人，在复苏同时应尽快采用简单省时的手术控制出血和污染。病情稳定后再做相应的手术和治疗，可提高严重创伤的抢救成功率。     

氧化损伤与铅毒性研究进展

铅是一种对全身组织有广泛亲和力的毒物,作用的基点是体内一些生物大分子(蛋白质、脂类、核酸),进而使大分子受损,影响到细胞功能.     

1000例白鼻毛调查

在1000人中统计白鼻毛发生率为36.4%,白发为26.1%,白须为7.5%,白眉为3.3%,白睫为1.6%。我们认为白鼻毛比白发等作为衰老的一项指标更有其代表性。白鼻毛发生率:男性(53.4%)高于女性(13.4%),知识分子(60.8%)高于工人(26.3%)及农民(26.4%),日本人高于中国人,差异显著。     

小鼠持续性脑缺血后NMDA受体亚单位表达的变化

目的：研究小鼠持续性脑缺血后不同脑区NMDA受体亚单位表达的变化及其与病理损伤之间的联系。方法：采用大脑中动脉阻断法制作小鼠持续性脑缺血模型，取缺血后不同时间的皮层、海马、皮层下脑组织，用免疫印迹技术测定NMDA受体亚单位ζ1和ε1及ε2蛋白的含量。同时作冰冻切片和苏木素伊红染色，计算相应脑区神经元密度。结果：NMDA受体ζ1和ε1及ε2亚单位表达的改变发生于缺血后5h内，皮层下3个亚单位表达均明显增加，海马则各亚单位表达变化不一。脑梗塞灶和相关脑区神经元密度显著减小均出现于缺血后5h，相关脑区神经元死亡严重程度依次为皮层下组织和海马CA1区及大脑颞叶皮层Ⅲ－Ⅳ层。结论：小鼠持续性脑缺血，缺血侧脑组织NMDA受体亚单位ζ1和ε1及ε2表达的变化发生在明显的病理损害之前，表达变化程度因脑区不同，与相关脑区神经元损害的程度相应。     

Intrathecal vincristine: a fatal chemotherapeutic error with devastating central nervous system effects

Summary The devastating neuropathological changes wrought by the intrathecal administration of vincristine are reported, with a detailed account of the widespread lesions in the brain and spinal cord, found in post-mortem light- and electron-microscope studies.     

Imaging of shifted stimulated echoes and multiple spin echoes

It is shown that a repetitive pulse sequence consisting of two 90° pulses and gradients in a 1:2 ratio around the second 90° pulse generates interscan shifted stimulated echoes (SSTEs) and intrascan multiple spin echoes (MSEs). Separation of these two types of signals is accomplished using specific gradient crusher schemes. The intensity of the SSTEs is an order of magnitude larger than that of the MSEs and determines the signal contrast if both effects are selected simultaneously. The SSTE sequence generates improved contrast between gray and white matter, even at high field, which is explained in terms of increased inverse T₁-weighting for the interscan echo. The MSE image has low signal to noise and no detectable contrast. The effect of interscan diffusion weighting is also discussed.     

Compartment syndrome. Exclusively the result of increased pressure in the muscular compartment?

Summary The compartment syndrome (cs) is characterized by an increased tissue pressure in a limited space. Pathophysiologically, it is a multifactorial disease that is potentially induced by an initial trauma and develops according to the existence of cofactors. Cofactors are, for instance, the circulation of the patient and the initial treatment of the impending cs. In particular, the microcirculation is altered with endothelial destruction, development of a capillary leak, protein loss from intravasal space and the development of an interstitial and intracellular third space. An impaired drainage of the lymphatic and venous system causes a venous infarction. An arterial infarction results if the tissue pressure exceeds the arteriolar pressure. An accompanying ischemia reperfusion mechanism increases the trauma load. In disadvantageous cases, the patients are in danger of developing a multi-organ deficiency syndrome (MODS) by an uncontrolled inflammatory reaction, by intravasal volume loss and by a myonephropathic systemic reaction. Clinically, the patients suffer a disproportionate amount of pain, followed by neurological signs. Especially in noncompliant patients, tissue pressure measurement is useful. Resuscitation of the circulation as well as splitting of casts is important. In case of a manifest cs, dermatofasciotomy has to be performed as an emergency operation. Even if cs is diagnosed early and fasciotomy is carried out early, the development of sequellae cannot be avoided in every single case.